Fish Disease Outbreak And Prevention - 1733 Words

Introduction Fish disease outbreak and prevention in Aquaculture Aquaculture has globally developed over last decades. The expansion of aquaculture production may leads to an increase in case of disease outbreak such as viral and bacterial infections (Hannesson, 2003). Previously, many antibiotic has been used to solve the problem. However, in some countries, the use of antibiotic has result in a heavy burden and it cannot be accepted (Evensen and Leong, 2013). Therefore, the effective disease control measurement such as vaccination is critically required in aquaculture. In recent decade, DNA vaccines have been developed and applied widely across the globe. The term of DNA vaccination is globally defined as influencing the immune system†¦show more content†¦In third world countries, fish farms are operated with inadequate equipment or technology because most of the small scale fish farms are run by low skill and poor farmers along coastal line. Therefore, they cannot afford the latest technology. Nevertheless, small scale fish farms in developing countries have a significant contribution to global aquaculture production as well as world food supply and it also contributes to poverty alleviation. However, in Indonesia, Bangladesh, Thailand, India and Uganda, disease infection still a major constrain for the improvement of aquaculture productivity. The disease outbreaks have severely impact on small scale farms. Many farms have been closed and this condition leads to a massive reduction in income stability of small holder farmers and it also â€Å"affect other socio-economic factors including job creation† in those countries (Lorenzen and LaPatra, 2014). The story of vaccine in aquaculture. In aquaculture, first vaccine has been introduced in the late of 80 centuries against bacterial infection. During this time, bacterial disease seems to be prioritized because almost all vaccines were invented only for cold-water species including Atlantic salmon. The vaccines can only be applied for preventing bacterial infection (Hà ¥stein et al., 2005). However, in recent decade, vaccine has been developed massively for both bacterial and viral infection. The development of viral vaccine across the