Marketing case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing case study - Assignment Example There are numerous speculations suggesting that e-commerce is the best thing that ever happened, however, some scholars seem to differ with this statement (Microsoft Corporation, 1999). This paper will look at both sides of the situations and some of the e-commerce platforms that are available. Online Shopping It is one of the popular means of e-commerce across the globe. The sellers usually create an online storefront, which is equivalent to a retail shop. The buyers will then have to buy products by clicking on to the things they want (Langer, 2002). One of the pioneer online shops is Amazon.com. It is still one of the famous online destinations around the world. Electronic Payment It is vital for one to understand that goods that are usually bought online are usually paid for by online payment (Microsoft Corporation, 2000). They usually use payment gateways and payment processors. This method of payment has been referred to be convenient as the mailing and writing of checks has be en reduced or discarded (Meier & Stormer, 2009). It has also ensured that there is safety among payment where notes are usually involved. Online Auctions One of the famous online auctions is the eBay. The physical auctions are nowadays predated by the online auctions. However, the online auction targets a large market clientele of sellers and buyers (Langer, 2002). The online auction has been reported to usually give rise to ridiculous pricing of products. This has made them to have many customers as they find it interesting and challenging when compared to the regular storefront shopping. Internet Banking This practice has reduced the number of people congesting the banking halls as people can transact all the banking operation in their own comfort (Singleton, 2001). Online banks give room for wire transfer, exchange and buying of products through the Internet. Online ticketing This includes movie, train, air and sporting tickets, which are purchased online. The booking process mak es it easy for buyers as they will not scramble for them at the shops or at the gates of the event (Meier & Stormer, 2009). Many people hate the idea of queuing and this gives them the opportunity of avoiding it. The classification of e-commerce is based on the type of individuals participating in the process. The first type is known as the business to business type of transaction. This involves the parties that are organizations or businesses (Risdahl, 2007). They include traders, retailers and manufacturers. The other type is business to consumers. This type of transaction is available around businesses that normally sell their products online to the end users or consumers (Langer, 2002). Finally, the other type of e-commerce is referred to as consumer-to-consumer type of transaction. This idea has been adopted from the earliest means of trade of butter where people exchange goods for goods (Raisch, 2001). The process allows individuals to exchange properties that they do not want with those that they need online. Advantages of E-commerce The Internet has been realized to be a market that has booming business (Drapkin, Lowy & Marovitz, 2001). Technological advancements have made it easy for many people can access the Internet. This means that there is a lot of exposure and many people can now access to e-commerce activities (VanHoose, 2011). Individuals are striving to ascertain that they utilize the Internet in the conduction of their daily affairs. Therefore, this means that more people are exposed to

Civil War In Chad History Essay

Civil War In Chad History Essay After getting the independence from France in 1960, the north-central African nation of Chad has undergone four civil wars. These Chadian Civil Wars were against France, Libya, Sudan, Zaire/Congo, and the United States. . The current civil war is also connected to the neighbourers Sudan. Following are the civil wars that had been happened so far: 1.   First Chad Civil War (1965-1979) 2. Second Chad Civil War (1979-1982) 3. Third Chad Civil War (1998-2002) 4. Fourth Chad Civil War (2005-present)   First Chad Civil War (1965-1979) : The First Chadian Civil War started in 1965/66, with riots and insurgency against Chadian president Franà §ois Tombalbayes rule, known for its authoritarianism and distrust of democracy. By January 1962, Tombalbaye had banned all political parties except his own Chadian Progressive Party (PPT), and started immediately concentrating all power in his own hands. His treatment of opponents, real or imagined, was extremely harsh, filling the prisons with thousands of political prisoners. What was even worse was his constant discrimination against the central and northern regions of Chad, where the southern Chadian administrators came to be perceived as arrogant and incompetent. A long civil war began as a tax revolt in 1965 and soon set the Muslim north and east against the southern-led government. Even with the help of French combat forces, the Tombalbaye government was never able to quell the insurgency. Tombalbayes rule became more irrational and brutal, leading the military to carry out a coup on April 13, 1975 (in which Tombalbaye was killed), and to install Gen. Felix Malloum, a southerner, as head of state. In 1978, Malloum government was broadened to include more northerners. Internal dissent within the government led the northern prime minister, Hissà ¨ne Habrà ©, to send his forces against the national army in the capital city of NDjamena in February 1979. The resulting civil war amongst the 11 emergent factions was so widespread that it rendered the central government largely irrelevant. At that point, other African governments decided to intervene. Second Chad Civil War (1979-1982): The Translational Government of National Unity was coalition government of armed group that ruled Chad from the time period between 1979 to1982, during the most chaotic phase of the long running civil war which happened in 1965 to 1979.The GUNT replaced the fragile alliance led by Felix Malloum and Hissene Habre, which was collapsed in February 1979. The characteristics of the GUNT can be find out by the intense rivalries that led to armed confrontations and Libyan intervention in 1980. Libya intervenes in the support of the GUNT President Goukouni Oueddei against the former GUNT Defence Minister Hissà ¨ne Habrà ©. Because of international pressures and uneasy relations between Goukouni and Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi, Goukouni asked the Libyans to leave Chad in November 1981; they were replaced by an Inter-African Force (IAF). The IAF showed itself unwilling to confront Habrà ©s militia, and on June 7, 1982, the GUNT was ousted by Habrà ©; Goukouni fled into exile. A series of four international conferences held first under Nigerian and then Organization of African Unity (OAU) sponsorship attempted to bring the Chadian factions together. At the fourth conference, held in Lagos, Nigeria, in August 1979, the Lagos accord was signed. This accord established a transitional government pending national elections. In November 1979, the National Union Transition Government (GUNT) was created with a mandate to govern for 18 months. Goukouni Oueddei, a northerner, was named President; Colonel Kamougue, a southerner, Vice President; and Habrà ©, Minister of Defense. This coalition proved fragile; in January 1980, fighting broke out again between Goukounis and Habrà ©s forces. With assistance from Libya, Goukouni regained control of the capital and other urban centers by years end. However, Goukounis January 1981 statement that Chad and Libya had agreed to work for the realization of complete unity between the two countries generated intense internationa l pressure and Goukounis subsequent call for the complete withdrawal of external forces. Libyas partial withdrawal to the Aozou Strip in northern Chad cleared the way for Habers forces to enter NDjamena in June. French troops and an OAU peacekeeping force of 3,500 Nigerian, Senegalese, and Zairian troops (partially funded by the United States) remained neutral during the conflict. Third Chad Civil War (1998-2002) The CSNPD, led by Kette Moise and other southern groups entered into a peace agreement with government forces in 1994, which later broke down. Two new groups, the Armed Forces for a Federal Republic (FARF) led by former Kette ally Laokein Barde and the Democratic Front for Renewal (FDR), and a reformulated MDD clashed with government forces from 1994 to 1995. Talks with political opponents in early 1996 did not go well, but Deby announced his intent to hold presidential elections in June. Deby won the countrys first multi-party presidential elections with support in the second round from opposition leader Kebzabo, defeating General Kamougue (leader of the 1975 coup against Tombalbaye). Debbys MPS party won 63 of 125 seats in the January 1997 legislative elections. International observers noted numerous serious irregularities in presidential and legislative election proceedings. By mid-1997 the government signed peace deals with FARF and the MDD leadership and succeeded in cutting off the groups from their rear bases in the Central African Republic and Cameroon. Agreements also were struck with rebels from the National Front of Chad (FNT) and Movement for Social Justice and Democracy in October 1997. However, peace was short-lived, as FARF rebels clashed with government soldiers, finally surrendering to government forces in May 1998. Barde was killed in the fighting, as were hundreds of other southerners, most civilians. Since October 1998, Chadian Movement for Justice and Democracy (MDJT) rebels, led by Yusuf Togoimi until his death in September 2002, have skirmished with government troops in the Tidbits region, resulting in hundreds of civilian, government, and rebel casualties, but little ground won or lost. No active armed opposition has emerged in other parts of Chad, although Kette Moise, following senior postings at the Ministry of Interior, mounted a small scale local operation near Moundou which was quickly and violently suppressed by government forces in late 2000. Deby, in the mid-1990s, gradually restored basic functions of government and entered into agreements with the World Bank and IMF to carry out substantial economic reforms. Oil exploitation in the southern Dobra region began in June 2000, with World Bank Board approval to finance a small portion of a project aimed at transport of Chadian crude through a 1000-km. buried pipeline through Cameroon to the Gulf of Guinea. The project establishes unique mechanisms for World Bank, private sector, government, and civil society collaboration to guarantee that future oil revenues benefit local populations and result in poverty alleviation. Success of the project will depend on intensive monitoring efforts to ensure that all parties keep their commitments. Debt relief was accorded to Chad in May 2001. Fourth Chad Civil War (2005-present): The current civil war in Chad began in December 2005. The conflict involved Chadian government forces and several Chadian rebel groups. These include the United Front for Democratic Change, United Forces for Development and Democracy, Gathering of Forces for Change and the National Accord of Chad. The conflict has also involved the Janjaweed, while Sudan allegedly supported the rebels, while Libya mediated in he conflict, as well as diplomats from other countries. In 2005, Chadian President Idriss Deby changed the constitution so that he could run for a third term in office, which sparked mass desertions from the army. The large-scale desertions from the army in 2004 and 2005, which forced Deby to disband his presidential guard and form a new elite military force, weakened the presidents position and encouraged the growth of armed opposition groups. The Rally for Democracy and Liberation (RDL) was formed in August 2005, and the Platform for Unity, Democracy and Change (SCUD), two months later, to overthrow the current government, accusing it of being corrupt and totalitarian. Later that year, the RDL and SCUD joined six other groups to form the United Front for Democracy and Change (FUCD).The situation was made worse by the alleged accumulation of oil wealth by Deby and his entourage. On 6 January 2006, Janjaweed militants crossed the border from Sudan into Chad and attacked the cities of Borota, Ade, and Moudaina. Nine civilians were killed a nd three were seriously injured.The Chadian government stated, The Sudanese militias attacked the settlements of Borota, Ade, Moudainayesterday killing nine and injuring three among the civilian population The Chadian government once again warns the Sudanese government against any hasty action because aggression by Sudanese militias will not go unpunished for much longer. In February 2007, a coalition of four rebel groups claimed to have taken the eastern border town of Adre. Chad rejected a plan to have U.N. troops along its eastern border. Victims from this attack were documented in the film Google Darfur. In March Former rebel Mahamat Nour Abdelkerim became defence minister. Government said Sudanese Janjaweed militia attacked and destroyed two villages in east Chad. On 26 October 2007, a peace agreement was signed between the government of Chad and four rebel groups: the Movement for Resistance and Change, the National Accord of Chad and two factions of the United Forces for Development and Democracy. In late November 2007, the rebel leader Mahamat Nouri accused Idriss Deby of ordering an attack on his fighters in the east of Chad. The army said on public radio there were several hundred dead and several injured among the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD) fighters. Abakar Tollimi, secretary-general of the UFDD, disputed the army toll, saying only 17 rebels were killed. We have killed more than 100 from among the army ranks, he said after the clashes. On 30 November 2007, the UFDD declared a state of war against French and foreign military forces in an apparent warning to EUFOR Chad/CARà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½, comprising 3,700 European Union peacekeeping troops, who should deploy in eastern Chad on a U.N. mission to protect camps housing more than 400,000 Chadian and Sudanese refugees. Steps to be taken to stop the civil war in Chad: The main reason for the first civil war in Chad was the president of the Chad. He can stop those riots but he did not do so. Because he want all the power of Chad in his hand. First of all he should listen the need of the rebel groups. All the talk can be done by the violence but he did not do that. By spreading the violence it would be stopped. Efforts to end the war and resort to peace talks have been made, including by the U.S. government. There have been democratic advances, including the creation of a High Court and a Constitutional Court, the introduction of multi party elections and an increasingly free press. But Chad still remains highly divided along ethnic, cultural, political and regional lines and widespread repression by Debbys security forces continues.

Othello: True Love and Self-love Essay -- Othello essays

Othello: True Love and Self-love  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The William Shakespeare tragic play Othello manifests the virtue of love in all its variegated types through the assorted good and bad characters interacting with each other.    H. S. Wilson in his book of literary criticism, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, discusses the love of the Moor for his beloved even at the time of her murder:    And when he comes to execute justice upon Desdemona, as he thinks, he has subdued his passion so that he is a compound of explosiveness tenderness. Utterly convinced of Desdemona’s guilt and of the necessity of killing her (â€Å"Yet she must die, else she’ll betray more men†), he yet loves her:    This sorrow’s heavenly; It strikes where it doth love.(55)    In the volume Shakespeare and Tragedy John Bayley explains that there is both love and self-love in the play (201). Initially the play presents a very distorted type of love. Act 1 Scene 1 shows Roderigo, generous in his gifts to the ancient, questioning Iago’s love for the former, whose concern has been the wooing of Desdemona. Roderigo construes Iago’s love for him as based on the ancient’s hatred for the Moor. Thus the wealthy suitor says accusingly, â€Å"Thou told'st me thou didst hold him in thy hate.† In order to prove his love for Roderigo, Iago asserts in detail the reasons for his hatred of Othello, who has given the lieutenancy to Michael Cassio, a Florentine.    Secondly, Iago shows his love for his wealthy   friend by rousing from sleep Brabantio, the father of Desdemona. Once the senator has been awakened, Iago makes a series of loud, crude, bawdy allegations against both the general and Desdemona. David Bevington in William Shakespeare: Four Tr... ...His Carpet. N.p.: n.p., 1970.    Gardner, Helen. â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from â€Å"The Noble Moor.† British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Mack, Maynard. Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.    Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.       Othello: True Love and Self-love Essay -- Othello essays Othello: True Love and Self-love  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The William Shakespeare tragic play Othello manifests the virtue of love in all its variegated types through the assorted good and bad characters interacting with each other.    H. S. Wilson in his book of literary criticism, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, discusses the love of the Moor for his beloved even at the time of her murder:    And when he comes to execute justice upon Desdemona, as he thinks, he has subdued his passion so that he is a compound of explosiveness tenderness. Utterly convinced of Desdemona’s guilt and of the necessity of killing her (â€Å"Yet she must die, else she’ll betray more men†), he yet loves her:    This sorrow’s heavenly; It strikes where it doth love.(55)    In the volume Shakespeare and Tragedy John Bayley explains that there is both love and self-love in the play (201). Initially the play presents a very distorted type of love. Act 1 Scene 1 shows Roderigo, generous in his gifts to the ancient, questioning Iago’s love for the former, whose concern has been the wooing of Desdemona. Roderigo construes Iago’s love for him as based on the ancient’s hatred for the Moor. Thus the wealthy suitor says accusingly, â€Å"Thou told'st me thou didst hold him in thy hate.† In order to prove his love for Roderigo, Iago asserts in detail the reasons for his hatred of Othello, who has given the lieutenancy to Michael Cassio, a Florentine.    Secondly, Iago shows his love for his wealthy   friend by rousing from sleep Brabantio, the father of Desdemona. Once the senator has been awakened, Iago makes a series of loud, crude, bawdy allegations against both the general and Desdemona. David Bevington in William Shakespeare: Four Tr... ...His Carpet. N.p.: n.p., 1970.    Gardner, Helen. â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from â€Å"The Noble Moor.† British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Mack, Maynard. Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.    Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.      

High Needs School Teacher Application Essay Essay

As a human with a certain compassion for those who are less fortunate than myself, I believe it is my innate responsibility to ensure that low-income school children receive the same educational benefits through my methodology of teaching. My past experiences in the field of education such as a piano teacher, a Spanish tutor, and childcare food program representative demonstrates my love for aiding children in every capacity. The fact that the school is high need only makes my commitment more substantial. I have also completed 12 units of early childhood development at Pattern University in Los Angeles, California in preparation for any situational concerns that may arise in coping with students who are of low-income communities. It is without a doubt that I am ready for the challenges that may face me in the quest to provide educational support and attention for every individual student under my auspice within the high needs school. Also, I will always ensure that all the needs of each student are met at my best ability through the use of observational techniques, setting goals for each student to achieve and executing a reward system for exceptional achievement. I believe that certain qualities I possess such as attentiveness, great communication skills as I speak three languages—Spanish, English and Korean, which makes me a great commodity or assistance for many low-income area schools as the area may be diverse. Explain how a skill or ability that you possess will help you ensure high academic achievement for all students and provide an example of how you have effectively demonstrated this skill or ability in the past. The counseling skills I obtained from working as an administrative assistant at the Student Assistant Center gives me a keener understanding of how to communicate effectively in the enhancement of academic achievements for all students. My intentions are to help these students make the daily transition from hardship at home to a serene enjoyable environment where the focus will be solely on the acquisition of knowledge. I will implement conflict resolution initiatives in an effort to promote rules and regulations if a situation arises contrary to the policies of the school and the classroom. I am also committing myself to providing additional help to ensure that my students perform to the best of their ability. While working in the capacity of Spanish tutor at Beverly high school, my dedication to promoting excellence was exemplified by taking the time to assist students with their grammar skills, composition, and reading—all essential elements in effective ways of communication whether writing or speaking. Although, it took great diligence, it was worth working because of the benefits the student would receive as a result of enhancing these skills. Briefly describe a professional, personal or academic challenge you have overcome. What steps did you take to address the challenge, and how will that experience contribute to your success as a Teaching Fellow? As an administrative assistant at the Student Assistance Center at Los Angeles City College, I encountered many students who lacked the knowledge in the process of applying appropriately to be admitted into college. They were often overwhelmed with anxiety and fear due to the intricate process of applying to college. I became their support system as I assisted them in the application process. Although I was not directly connected with these students, they felt a dependency towards me because of their unfamiliarity with what they needed to do to successfully submit their college application. To address this particular challenge though would seem simple in the eyes of many, I sat and reviewed all the requirements needed for the process and assisted them with whatever questions and answers they required to be addressed. There were still many limitations as I could not go beyond just assisting them but as policy I was unable to write their application as that would be an unethical method of assistance and completely inappropriate. It is quite obvious that I do not support any unethical means to any given situation. If there are rules and regulations to be upheld, I will always adhere to them, as that is my duty as a Teaching Fellow. Teachers must always be guided by their own discretion as well as I intend to do. This is an important factor because any misguided situation can become a major issue. As a Teaching Fellow, I will allow my past experiences to complement my future successes in the educational field by learning from mistakes in an effort to achieve a high standard of expectations necessary for great achievement for my students as well.

Kantian Ethics Essay

Immanuel Kant’s moral theory has become the heart of deontological ethics. It differentiates itself by looking at morality as an extension of man’s reason. Unlike other ethical theories, the individual is seen as the primary actor of all moral decisions. His autonomy, his will is seen as the locust of ethical judgment. For Kant in order for an act to be considered morally worthy it has to be done out of duty. From my understanding of Kant, when we talk of duty it is something which our reason recognizes as a manifestation of a universal law, one which he/she cannot deny. Doing the right thing is not about whether or not the outcome might be gauged to be positive, or that because an individual â€Å"feels† that he/she must perform a particular act rather she â€Å"knows† that it is his/her duty. In order to be ethically praiseworthy, the person must ask himself, â€Å"Am â€Å"I† the one who is deciding and acting? † The morality of Kant builds on the want of the philosopher to describe and order an ethical life that is centered on the rational faculty of man, his reason. It is the case that in a lot of cases people tend to look at the possible consequences of an action in judging whether or not what they’re about to do is moral or not. At times we act out of good intentions, helping others, sharing, et al. because we feel that it’s the good thing to do. Unfortunately, Kant won’t agree with our ways. In fact, he would even say that such actions have no moral worth. For Kant, the important thing is our obligation to do something, feelings, intentions, and consequences may gain the approval of others but they are too whimsical. There is for him an a priori (before reason) law which tells us what ought to be done. As rational beings we are dignified with our ability to discern this law, much more, we are capable of making it (Kremling, n. d. ). To act contrary to what our reason dictates, is choosing to act in heteronomy, a big no-no for Immanuel Kant because it belittles the individual, the latter produces as a result, acts that are empty. If Kantian Morality sounds a bit of feel-good emotions, intentions, and happy thoughts, then I think we’re on the right track. Ethics in terms of Kant is not about making another person smile; it’s not about calculating how many people you could help out by doing something. At the end of the day, acting on such things are all half-chances, there is no guarantee that by helping someone out would be good, there’s no assurance that if you think of the number of people who would benefit, it means you won’t harm others. Autonomy plays a central role in the moral theory of Kant, in such a way that a man must in his own volition choose to legislate a universal law and act in accordance to it. How does one determine which acts are in accordance with good will per se and is thus uninversalizable? For Kant all actions can be stated as a maxim, a person as an autonomous person creates the maxim but at the same time has to make sure that it is a principle that every rational being can agree to with no exceptions. This is the categorical imperative, contrary to the hypothetical imperative which is stated as an If-then. I. e. If I want to pass this class then I have to study; the Categorical Imperative claims a universal statement that is true at all times (. When a person acts out of duty the latter is presumed to have passed the categorical maxim put forward to state the action: In layman’s terms we could state the maxim as a question first, i. e. can I will to cheat on an exam, in such a way that others would as a whole can will to do so? There are categorical imperatives that have been formulated by Kant as the most basic of ethical requirements, like for example, Lying is an act that for him will never become morally justifiable, we must always follow the imperative to never use a person but always as an end (Hillar, 2003). We again see here the theme of dignity and respect, man and his reason is central in the ethical works of Kant. Even if for example in doing an act we would do so for the good of the majority, it would still not be valid if a minority would be sacrificed along the way. We do something because it ought to be done as determined by our reason and verified through the maxim which we test and attempt to put as a categorical imperative; the latter could be thought of as the fixed rules that govern how we as rational agents act. The main criticisms to be raised with regards to other ethical theories are founded on the assumptions of Kant regarding the fulfillment of moral obligation for the sake of good in itself. Utilitarianism takes as a central part of its tenets, the concept of summum bonum (greatest good for the greatest number). If we look at this ethical formulation we shall see that it would contradict with the notion of Kant that Human Being should always be considered ends never as a means, not even for the greatest number. Problem may also arise in the altruistic claims of utilitarian moralizing. One ought not to pursue something out of happiness or other virtues like Aristotle’s notion of the good man as the man of mean and virtues. This would not qualify for Kant as enough grounds to pursue good, because as he had mentioned in the groundings, prior to the good is the good will with which there is no qualification (Johnson, 2004). If one is an individualist, he might more likely be pleased with the ethical prescriptions of Kant. I personally find strength in his moral philosophy in finding support for the need to protect certain inalienable rights. In focusing on a moral law, his theory is not vulnerable to the attacks of situational morality but rather focuses on the man as a rational being and a moral agent, whose will is in a sense the will of all (Baron, 1995). There is stability and consistency in Kant’s moral philosophy by centering on the autonomy of all individuals under the precept that when it all boils down to it, man shares a common reason and will that would allow them to determine what is right from wrong. On the other hand I think that there are certain things in life wherein following the rules set through categorical imperatives would not suffice. There are moral dilemmas wherein human lives are hanged in the balance. Although reason can help us in making our decisions, the moral duties of Kant can only go so far. I am left to wonder how a person could be satisfied with himself in pointing the whereabouts of innocent African-Americans to deranged members of the Ku Klux Clan who are vowing to kill them; on the basis of fulfilling his moral duty of always telling the truth. Take note, in Kant’s philosophy, there is no hierarchy of duties, one has to fulfill them all, regardless of the outcome. References: Baron, Marcia, 1995, Kantian Ethics Almost Without Apology Cornell: Cornell U. P. Hillar, Marian, 2003, Kant’s Moral Axioms, Retrieved August 3, 2007 from Socinian. org: http://www. socinian. org/kant. html Johnson, Robert, 2004, Kant’s Moral Philosophy, Retrieved August 4, 2007 from Stanford http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-moral/

The factors effecting Insulators Essays

The factors effecting Insulators Essays The factors effecting Insulators Essay The factors effecting Insulators Essay Essay Topic: Sula Introduction: I will be investigating the rate of cooing, by using various numbers of layers of insulators round a beaker of hot water. The science which effect my investigation are as follows:Conduction is a transfer of heat energy through a substance from the hotter region to the cooler region without any movement of the substance itself. As the substance is heated, free electrons spread through the substance bumping into other electrons and passing on Kinetic energy. Gradually energy is transferred along the substance. Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through waves. Hot objects emit mainly infrared radiation which can pass through a vacuum i.e. No medium is needed for its transfer. How much radiation is given out or taken in by an object depends on its surfaceIn this experiment I could have many variables. Ranging from colour to size. They are:- The material of my cup (ceramic, metal, glass, polythene, plastic)- The layers of insulators (no layers, 1layer, 2layer etc) [this is what I have chosen to use as my variable]- Different types of insulators (wool, bubble wrap, foam, cotton, paper)- Different colours of insulators. (Black, transparent,)Research and preliminary experiment:For when I did my Preliminary experiment I found out that writing down the results every Thirty Seconds was not sufficient. As the results did not have a good spread out drop. So we decided to change it to every Two Minutes.Also, the temperature of the water was at 85?c. But using that as the starting temperature we found that the water would not boil up to that temperature. And so we would have to re-heat the water to get it to the exact temperature we wanted. Which took up a lot of our time. So we decided to drop it by 5?c. So, in the real experiment we will have the water at 80?c.I think that in the end result the graph will look something like:Prediction:I predict that when I change the amount of layers of bubble-wrap around my beaker, the more laye rs there are the slower the rate of cooling will be. So, therefore the fewer numbers of layers I use the quicker the rate of cooling.This is what I think will happen. Because I am using bubble-wrap as my insulator the bubbles in the material have trapped air in them. So, when the high temperature from the water tries to escape the trapped air will act as a barrier and will hold in as much as possible. So, therefore the rate of cooling will be very less.I think this will happen because as the beaker is made of copper, which is a good conductor, the high temperature of the water will reduce rapidly.Diagram:Plan of ExperimentApparatus I will use in this experiment:- Electric water kettle- 125ml of hot water (at 80?c)- Measuring cylinder- Thermometer- Copper beaker- Insulator (bubble-wrap)- Stop-clockDiagram of my experiment set-up:Method:- Boil the water in an electric kettle.- Pour the water into a measuring cylinder. And measure until 125ml.- Put in a thermometer and measure at 80c.- Pour the water into a copper beaker (with our without insulator).- Put on the timer.- And note down the temperature every 2minutes. Until 10minutes.In this experiment I will be measuring the temperature drop every two minutes. I will do this by having a stop-clock to measure the temperature at exactly two minutes each time.I will carry out this experiment at least three times so that I can take an average, which will be more accurate and precise.Safety:In this experiment I will be handling hot water. So, I could have several different types of accidents. Like for example:- The hot water could spill on to someone which can lead to them burning themselves or even worse. So, I must make sure that when carrying out my experiment no one is sitting down on a chair. All chairs are tucked in. Bags are in the cupboards and there is nothing that anyone could trip over from.- When pouring the water out into the basin after conducting the experiment the beaker will be extremely hot! (Near boil ing point) So if I handle it by hand then I could burn myself, or I could drop the water causing the water to either spill onto someone, or it could spill onto the floor and someone could easily trip over it and hurt themselves.Variable Fair test:There will only be ONE thing that will change throughout the entire experiment. This will be the amount of layers around the beaker.I have to make sure nothing changes except my variable. So everything else has to be kept the same to make this a fair test. The things I will have to keep the same are:- The amount of water used- The temperature of water- The insulator material must always be Bubble-wrapResults:Result 1:LayersBegin at2min4min6min8min10min080c75c71c67c63c61c180c78c76c73c70c68c280c78c75c74c73c71c380c79c77c75c73c72c480c79c78c76c75c74cResults 2:LayersBegin at2min4min6min8min10min080c78c74c70c67c65c180c78c75c72c70c68c280c77c76c75c74c70c380c78c77c75c73c72c480c78c76c75c74c73cAverage results:LayersBegin at2min4min6min8min10min080c76. 5c72.5c68.5c65c63c180c78c75.5c72.5c70c68c280c77.5c76c74.5c73.5c70.5c380c78.5c77c75c73c72c480c78.5c77c75.5cc74.5c73.5cGraph:Gradients of the graph:0 layers -1.26984121 layer -1.17647052 layers -1.13475173 layers -1.11111114 layers -1.0884353The gradient is a Negative.I have also put my results onto a bar chart to help see clearly what is happening every two minutes. By looking at the bar chart you can easily see the difference in the rate of cooling. The non-layered beaker is dropping down at a faster rate, compared to the beaker with more layers, which is increasing at a quicker rate.Conclusion:The shape of the graph is a curve. The gradient goes downwards. As the amount of time (every 2 minutes) increases, the rate of cooling decreases. The gradient does not steep. What I mean by this is that as the amount of layers increases the temperature of hot water drops down gradually. This is the usual shape you get when things tend to cool down. The X axis is the Time every two minutes. Th e Y axis is the temperature in ?c. When things are hot they cool down very fast. But, the more insulators there is around the substance the longer it takes to cool down. Therefore, when I use four layers of bubble-wrap it will take longer to cool down. Whereas when I have no layers of bubble-wrap the quicker it cooled down.Looking back at my prediction I see that what I had predicted was exactly right. The beaker with no layers of insulation had dropped at a very rapid speed. Compared to the beaker with four layers of insulation. Which dropped at a slower speed. The principle was exactly the same.The beaker that had no layers on insulation would take in the high temperature, and because the beaker was made of metal it was a good conductor of heat energy so the heat would escape very quickly. Whereas the beaker with lots of layers would help keep the high temperature within itself. And stop it from escaping. This is because of the type of insulation we used. The bubble warp has air b ubbles inside itself. This helps to keep the heat inside as much as possible.Evaluation:My experiment did not go as I had planned. My graph tells me that some of my results were fairly accurate. But a few of my results were anomalous results. I can tell this from my graph by looking at the bar chart, where it is much clearer to see the difference in temperature every two minutes. If you look closely at the bar chart you will notice that at two minutes the temperature of the one layer was slightly above the beaker with two layers. This cannot be right because the beaker with 1 layer should drop down in temperature quicker then the beaker with 2 layers. Because the beaker with 2 layers has more insulation around it. This could be because we didnt take down the results properly or my average wasnt right. I tried to make my results accurate by making sure everything that I do was a fair test. We came across some difficulties whilst conducting this experiment. Like for instance, we were supposed to take out three results and then take out an average. But because time was of an essence we could only take out the experiment twice. So, our average isnt as precise as it should be.I could improve my investigation by, like I said before conducting my experiment three times at least, so that I can take out a reliable average. Also this would help us to draw out accurate conclusions. If we had shared results with other groups this would of helped us to see if we went wrong anywhere or if they went wrong anywhere. So we could fix the problem.My method was good. It was quick, simple and easy to follow by. Especially once we got use to how to do it.I think that my conclusion is very accurate. I drew my conclusion out of previous knowledge, textbooks, class notes and by doing this investigation. I had enough evidence to help draw up this conclusion. To help get even more evidence for my conclusion I could do another type of investigation similar to this.

Aristarchus of Samos Biography

Aristarchus of Samos Biography Much of what we know about the science of astronomy and celestial observations is based on observations and theories first proposed by ancient observers in Greece and what is now the Middle East. These astronomers were also accomplished mathematicians and observers. One of them was a deep thinker named Aristarchus of Samos.   He lived from about 310 B.C.E. through approximately 250 B.C.E. and his work is still honored today. Although Aristarchus was occasionally written about by early scientists and philosophers, especially Archimedes (who was a mathematician, engineer, and astronomer), very little is known about his life. He was a student of Strato of Lampsacus, head of Aristotles Lyceum. The Lyceum was a place of learning built before Aristotles time but is most often connected to his teachings. It existed in both Athens and Alexandria. Aristotles studies apparently did not take place in Athens, but rather during the time when Strato was head of the Lyceum at Alexandria. This was probably shortly after he took over in 287 B.C.E. Aristarchus came along as a young man to study under the best minds of his time. What Aristarchus Achieved Aristarchus is best known for two things: his belief that Earth orbits (revolves) around the Sun and his work attempting to determine the sizes and distances of the Sun and Moon relative to each other.   He was one of the first to consider the Sun as a central fire just as the other stars were, and was an early proponent of the idea that stars were other suns.   Although Aristarchus wrote many volumes of commentary and analyses, his only surviving work, On the Dimensions and Distances of the Sun and Moon, does not provide any further insight into his heliocentric view of the universe. While the method he describes in it for obtaining the sizes and distances of the Sun and Moon is basically correct, his final estimates were wrong. This was moore due to a lack of accurate instruments and an inadequate knowledge of mathematics than to the method he used to come up with his numbers. Aristarchuss interest wasnt limited to our own planet. He suspected that, beyond the solar system, the stars were similar to the Sun. This idea, along with his work on the heliocentric model putting the Earth in rotation around the Sun, held for many centuries. Eventually, the ideas of later astronomer Claudius Ptolemy - that the cosmos essentially orbits Earth (also known as geocentrism) - came into vogue, and held sway until Nicolaus Copernicus brought back the heliocentric theory in his writings centuries later.   It is said that Nicolaus Copernicus  credited Aristarchus in his treatise, De revolutionibus caelestibus.  In it he wrote, Philolaus believed in the mobility of the earth, and some even say that Aristarchus of Samos was of that opinion. This line was crossed out prior to its publication, for reasons that are unknown. But clearly, Copernicus recognized that someone else had correctly deduced the correct position of the Sun and Earth in the cosmos. He felt it was important enough to put into his work. Whether he crossed it out or someone else did is open to debate. Aristarchus vs. Aristotle and Ptolemy There is some evidence that Aristarchuss ideas were not respected by other philosophers of his time. Some advocated that he be tried before a set of judges for putting forth ideas against the natural order of things as they were understood at the time. Many of his ideas were directly in contradiction with the accepted wisdom of the philosopher   Aristotle and the Greek-Egyptian nobleman and astronomer Claudius Ptolemy. Those two philosophers held that Earth was the center of the universe, an idea we now know is wrong.   Nothing in the surviving records of his life suggest that Aristarchus was censured for his contrary visions of how the cosmos worked. However, so very little of his work exists today that historians are left with fragments of knowledge about him. Still, he was one of the first to try and mathematically determine distances in space.   As with his birth and life, little is known of Aristarchuss death. A crater on the moon is named for him, in its center is a peak which is the brightest formation on the Moon. The crater itself is located on the edge of the Aristarchus Plateau, which is a volcanic region on the lunar surface. The crater was named in Aristarchuss honor by the 17th-century astronomer Giovanni Riccioli.   Edited and expanded by Carolyn Collins Petersen

How to Use the 5 Relative Pronouns in Adjective Clauses

How to Use the 5 Relative Pronouns in Adjective Clauses An adjective clause  (also called a relative clause) is a group of words that works like an adjective to modify a noun  or noun phrase.  Here well focus on the five relative pronouns that are used in adjective clauses. An adjective clause usually begins with a relative pronoun: a word that relates the information in the adjective clause to a word or a phrase in the main clause. Who, Which, and That Adjective clauses most often begin with one of these three relative pronouns: whowhichthat All three pronouns refer to a noun, but who refers only to people and which refers only to things. That may refer to either people or things. Here are a few examples, with the adjective clauses in italics and the relative pronouns in bold. Everyone turned and looked at Toya, who was still standing  behind the counter.Charlies old coffee machine, which hadnt worked in years, suddenly started to gurgle and splutter.The ticking sound was coming from the little box that was sitting on the windowsill. In the first example, the relative pronoun who refers to the proper noun Toya. In sentence two, which refers to the noun phrase Charlies old coffee machine. And in the third sentence, that refers to the little box. In each of the examples, the relative pronoun functions as the subject of the adjective clause. Sometimes we can omit the relative pronoun from an adjective clauseas long as the sentence still makes sense without it. Compare these two sentences: The poem that  Nina chose was We Real Cool by Gwendolyn Brooks.The poem Ø Nina chose was We Real Cool by Gwendolyn Brooks. Both sentences are correct, though the second version may be considered just a little less formal than the first one. In the second sentence, the gap left by the omitted pronoun (identified by the symbol Ø)  is called a  zero relative pronoun. Whose and Whom Two other relative pronouns used to introduce adjective clauses are whose (the possessive form of who) and whom (the object form of who). Whose begins an adjective clause that describes something that belongs to or is a part of someone or something mentioned in the main clause: The ostrich, whose wings are useless for flight, can run faster than the swiftest horse. Whom stands for the noun that receives the action of the verb in the adjective clause: Anne Sullivan was the teacher whom Helen Keller met in 1887. Notice that in this sentence Helen Keller is the subject of the adjective clause, and whom is the direct object. Put another way, who is equivalent to the subject pronouns he, she, or they in a main clause; whom is equivalent to the object pronouns him, her, or them in a main clause.

Construction Adjudication Law - Legal problem Coursework

Construction Adjudication Law - Legal problem - Coursework Example The architects in question who did the preliminary design had the obligation to check the ground conditions and foundation requirements. PCL bears a partial responsibility for the design flaw. The matter is referred to adjudication under clause 9.2 of the JCT Design and Building Contract. There were a number of issues with the adjudication process and this include a reliable information that the CEO of PDP and the Adjudicator went for a weekend in a country hotel where they were overhead discussing things related to the case. From the case study, there is the need for the following things and matters to be examined in relation to the relevant rules about: 1. The scope of the Adjudicator's obligations and whether it was met or not. 2. The independence of the Adjudicator. 3. The impartiality of the Adjudicator's processes in dealing with the case 4. The ability of the case to be escalated to a court dispute. Scope of Adjudication The main issue of contention is to define the actual que stion and the actual point of law that the adjudicator of the case at hand was supposed to handle. This is in response to the accusation of the CEO of PDP that the adjudicator addressed the wrong question. ... ication of the relevant provision, it can be said that the obligation of the Adjudicator in this case is to identify the procedure that was used by the contracting party and which party deserves to be held responsible for the damage. In other words, the Adjudicator has to examine the contract between PDP and PCL and identify who is responsible for the determination of the soil condition and the point in the contract that it went wrong. The evidence of both parties were to be examined and a conclusion could be drawn. However, in this case, it is apparent that the Adjudicator did not spend too much time studying those documents. Rather, he examined just two variables, the architects and PCL's relative positions. He did not go deep into the contract, neither did he set out a fair procedure. Hence, it can be concluded that he did not operate within the scope of the contract. Independence of the Adjudicator The Adjudicator happened to be the brother-in-law of the MD of PCL. This shows cle arly that they had an informal relationship that could have implications for the independence of the Adjudicator. The Adjudicator, as a professional, has codes of ethics in the profession he belongs to, whether he is a legal professional or a construction expert. Every adjudicator needs to be independent and be seen to be independent in his decisions and procedures3. In a landmark ruling in a construction arbitration case in France, which is part of European Union Law, it was stated that â€Å"An Arbitrator should not have any commercial or other similar connection with either party which may give rise to suspicion in the mind of a reasonable person that he may be biased†4. The implication is that there should be no relationship that exists between an adjudicator and any of the parties that

Administrative Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Administrative Ethics - Essay Example However, once that is established, the first dictum of the ASPA code of ethics tells us that service to the public is above service to oneself and that certainly applies in this case. If one is to remain quiet about this it is certainly possible that the boss would be very pleased and Tristate would also be very happy. Of course, there are plenty of vested interests in the construction of the mall simply because a lot of people have a lot to gain from the construction. It is basically a project worth billions of dollars to all the stakeholders and they are essentially serving themselves. Therefore, if we are to follow the code of ethics given by the ASPA, we have to consider what the best course of action would be to preserve the interest of the public. In this case, we can come with two different options of which the first option would be to report the matter to the higher authorities and see what they decide to do with it. Reports to the committee or reports to the council about the incident could be very useful in making sure that the right people have the right information about what is going on concerning the megamall project. In fact, the information could even be taken to the media since that would be more than likely to put an immediate halt to the process. The second option would be to see if the construction of the mall is really towards the benefit of the public. For example, there are many jobs to be created in the mall for the local community with white collar positions such store managers, financial accountants, legal advisors, logistics managers and several other managerial positions that would be needed by companies who setup operations in the mall. For the blue collared workers, there would be jobs in food courts, restaurants, mall security and other store positions that would do a lot for the economy of the region. Thus the public certainly has something to gain from the mall being there. The decision therefore becomes to tell or not

Financial Management by Timothy Gallagher and Joseph D Andrewsenior in Essay

Financial Management by Timothy Gallagher and Joseph D Andrewsenior in college - Essay Example Discounting the cash flows for each of the periods and summing them up, I determined that the NPV of launching a new product is equal to $1,000,570. The value is positive and quite significant, therefore, based on the NPV criteria the project should be accepted and the new product launched. However, if the company considers several mutually exclusive projects (for example, launching this product or investing instead in the new factory to increase the production of highly-demanded existing product etc.) and the NPV of this particular project is lower than of those also under consideration, it would be abandoned. The initial investment is equal to $1,000,000. The sum of the discounted cash flows for the first three years amounts to $807,801 $1,000,000. Therefore, the payback period is 3.62 years. Based on the Superior Company's policy of not accepting projects with life of over three years, the project of launching the new product under consideration should not be accepted. If the project required additional investment in land and building, it would increase the initial capital investment amount and consequen

Critical Analysis - Southern Discomfort & Waterway Industries Lab Report

Critical Analysis - Southern Discomfort & Waterway Industries - Lab Report Example The company needs to improve its performance and Return on Investments (ROI) to stay in the business. Under these circumstances, the company’s management is faced with only two options: Either to stay on in Oconomo with a substantially reduced operating budget, or to relocate the plant to Mexico where future profit margins are more assured. The primary type of change that needs to be brought about in the Oconomo Plant is a conspicuous transformation in people’s culture, attitudes and approach to work. This has assumed significant connotations, because the plant is now going through a very critical phase where, even its very future existence hangs on a balance. If the management is not in a position to convince the labour to accept lower wage rates, the plant may have to be moved to Mexico, thus endangering the jobs of nearly 520 employees. (Wallace 1996). Jim Malesckowski, President of the company has to deal with the challenging tasks of negotiating with a well organised and strong Labour Union while seeking to introduce changes in the work culture and remuneration of the labor force. The Wisconsin plant could be saved by changing the work culture and ethos of the work force and by convincing them that the reduction in wage rate would be beneficial to the labour force in the long run. The major underlying cause for the Union leaders’ resistance to change stems from the fact that they fear that changes would result in downsizing and lay-offs, or even the use of a person for multiple jobs, in order to gain maximum productivity from him. Fear of job losses or labour exploitation may be the underlying reasons for the Trade Union leaders’ reluctance to allow changes in the organization. The management has sought to dispel this fear by informing the Union about cross-training schemes after which a person would be able to undertake job

Entrepreneurial ventures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Entrepreneurial ventures - Essay Example Business finance is a wide area and an exhaustive examination of each is not possible. However, the essay will bring out the disadvantages of each method of financing (Galloway 382). The bias may lie on the start-ups given that the initial stages of the business are the most difficult to finance since the risk is usually highest. There are two broad categories of business finance: debt financing and equity financing. These are ways of sourcing the capital that a business requires either to start operating, continue its day to day operation operating, or to attain a given strategic objective. Debt financing has the characteristic that the business or the entrepreneur has to repay with interest. The debt capital is a liability. Equity financing is the investment of the entrepreneur and other owners into the business (Krulikowski 245). This is risk capital. The distinction between debt and equity is that debt is a "loan" to the business while equity represents the extent to which one "owns" the venture. This leads to the issue of ownership and control of a business venture which complicates many startups. Debt financing maintains ownership while equity financing cedes some percentage ownership of the business venture. This is a significant consideration when choosing the type of financing for the business. There is no shortage of investors in the world, but there is a shortage of successful entrepreneurs. However, regardless of the source of financing, the entrepreneur must carefully evaluate the type of financing that the business requires (Krulikowski 267). This will depend on several factors. Firstly, there is a distinction on whether it is a startup or an established business. The size of operations will also determine the financing. The entrepreneur must have a business plan for the particular venture he or she plans to undertake. This means that

Can violence,or force, or the threat of threat of force help to lessen Essay

Can violence,or force, or the threat of threat of force help to lessen or eliminate racism - Essay Example But whether the use of such violent means justify and succeed in eliminating racism, is the fundamental question, that is being probed in this paper. I personally feel that such a question cannot be answered in a meaningful and rational manner with a specific ‘yes’ or ‘no’, particularly considering the background: the historical circumstances as well as the present day conflicts; which has evoked such a deliberation. Any rational individual, in my view, would not consent to use of violence as a legitimate means of overcoming racism unless, it is the only means available to defend personal values and it justifies the cause to fight a greater evil. There exists a moral / ethical dilemma regarding the use of force or threat for safeguarding one’s own interest and defending integrity of the suppressed population. Thus, while on one hand we have a considerable section of the society, believing in non violence who would unanimously negate the use of any for m of aggression or dominance to counter suppression and prejudicial behavior, and promote non violent and subtle means as a more favorable and rational action, and yet on the other hand, there are those who claim that violence is justified if it is used to eliminate greater evils. The choice that this question offers, gives rise to contradicting ideologies, which challenges our moral judgment, since theoretically, violence is generally condemned by societies as an illegitimate and irrational action that does not justify any cause, and yet factually, we may find several instances where violence was successfully used to eliminate social evils. For instance, the aggressive revolt led by Nat Turner, a black slave, in the early 1830s against the tyranny of white Americans, in a bid to escape racist laws and reinstate dignity and self empowerment for the blacks, which eventually led to bloodshed

Entrepreneurial ventures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Entrepreneurial ventures - Essay Example Business finance is a wide area and an exhaustive examination of each is not possible. However, the essay will bring out the disadvantages of each method of financing (Galloway 382). The bias may lie on the start-ups given that the initial stages of the business are the most difficult to finance since the risk is usually highest. There are two broad categories of business finance: debt financing and equity financing. These are ways of sourcing the capital that a business requires either to start operating, continue its day to day operation operating, or to attain a given strategic objective. Debt financing has the characteristic that the business or the entrepreneur has to repay with interest. The debt capital is a liability. Equity financing is the investment of the entrepreneur and other owners into the business (Krulikowski 245). This is risk capital. The distinction between debt and equity is that debt is a "loan" to the business while equity represents the extent to which one "owns" the venture. This leads to the issue of ownership and control of a business venture which complicates many startups. Debt financing maintains ownership while equity financing cedes some percentage ownership of the business venture. This is a significant consideration when choosing the type of financing for the business. There is no shortage of investors in the world, but there is a shortage of successful entrepreneurs. However, regardless of the source of financing, the entrepreneur must carefully evaluate the type of financing that the business requires (Krulikowski 267). This will depend on several factors. Firstly, there is a distinction on whether it is a startup or an established business. The size of operations will also determine the financing. The entrepreneur must have a business plan for the particular venture he or she plans to undertake. This means that

Nikola Tesla Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nikola Tesla - Research Paper Example history. I will also focus on the question of why many people would say Tesla was a mad scientist later in his life. Nikola Tesla: Biography in Brief Nikola Tesla was born 10 July 1856 in a Serbian family. The place of his birth was the village of Smiljan situated near Gospic – a town in Croatia that was a part of Austria-Hungary at that time. Tesla’s father was known to be a clergyman, and his mother is described as â€Å"exceptionally bright and an inventor of household and farm implements† despite being illiterate (Klooster 302). Tesla might have got his knack for prolific inventing from his ingenious mother. Tesla, who is believed to be America’s most prominent electric engineer, studied engineering at the famous University of Graz (Austria) (Spencer 301). He is thought to have started his inventing career there. In 1882, Tesla came to Paris and was hired by Continental Edison Company. Two years later Tesla immigrated to the U.S. and got his citizenshi p in 1891 at the age of 35 (Klooster 302). Picture 1. Nikola Tesla at the age of 37. Photo taken in 1893. Author: Sarony of New York It was in 1882 that Tesla conceived of the famous induction motor that has a rotating magnetic field. From that time on, Tesla invented various devices that utilize the rotating magnetic field. In 1888, Tesla received patents for his inventions. Here it is worth mentioning that the outstanding engineer and physicist was able to completely visualize his next invention before he started working on it. All in all, Tesla is believed to have patented over 700 inventions during his lifetime (World of Invention, â€Å"Nikola Tesla†). Tesla’s Theoretical Work and Patents Tesla's numerous patents and his groundbreaking theoretical work are believed to have created the basis of modern AC systems, which includes the polyphase power distribution systems, as well as the AC motor. Let us explore Tesla’s contribution to modern electrical engineer ing in detail. It was not until Tesla could establish his own company named Tesla Electric Company (1887) that the outstanding inventor had been able to create what he actually wanted. Specifically, working for Tesla Electric Company he invented the first successful polyphase motor (Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present,â€Å"Nikola Tesla†). Tesla achieved this by creating a motor that had a few wire-taped blocks surrounding the rotor. At the moment alternating current is being supplied to the incorporated wires, a rotating magnetic field is produced, and besides current to every block was a bit out of phase with the rest. The rotor’s movement is achieved as the revolving field is being followed (Klooster 305). Practically, the significance of Tesla’s invention was that it enabled transmitting strong electrical currents over long distances. Theoretically, Tesla’s work undermined the view of Edison that there was no practical benefit from alternating current. It proved to leave behind the invention by Edison – direct current – that was restricted by local use and needed lots of electrical relay stations in order to have the current distributed throughout a large area, a city for example (Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present,â€Å"Nikola Tesla†). Reportedly, not long before his death Edison admitted to making the biggest mistake in his lifetime

Income and Government Services: A Review of the Literature

Income and Government Services: A Review of the Literature In 1935 the Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Since then, it has grown into one of the largest government services offered by the Federal government. In order to fund government services like Social Security, taxes are levied on various income levels. This taxation is met with opposing viewpoints from various political perspectives. In general, conservatives oppose progressive taxation policies and programs that redistribute wealth while liberals typically support them (Chamber 2013). However, many people, regardless of income level, receive benefits from these government services or programs (Mettler 2008). Furthermore, across all income levels, participation and the array of use of these government programs is notably higher than one might expect (Mettler 2008) So this raises the question; does an individual’s level of income affect their perception of the country’s need for government services? It is important to answer this question because currently, the United States is battling a large amount of debt which some believe can be limited through reductions in spending on government services. By researching a possible link between an individual’s income level and their perception of government services, a more sophisticated conversation can take place regarding the significance of those services. In an earlier piece research conducted by Jeron Van Der Wall, Peter Achterberg, and Dick Houtman (2007) across fifteen countries found that income is a prominent indicator of perception. The countries included in the study were; Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, and the United States for the time period 1956 to 1990. They aim to try and provide an alternative explanation to Paul Nieuwbeerta’s (1996) research, which found that since the end of World War II voting for a specific political ideology based on one’s socioeconomic class, or class voting, was on the decline in Western civilization. To conduct their research, they rely on income as the primary indicator of class. They find that the patterns in class voting are driven by the cultural and educational differences across all incomes (Van Der Wall 2007). This indicates that class voting still exists and income l evel is still a relative factor to political ideology. Additionally Van Der Wall claims â€Å"class has been buried alive under the increasing weight of cultural voting, systematically misinterpreted as a decline in class voting† (Van Der Waal 417: 2007) when in fact class voting has become stronger since the pre-World War II era. (Van Der Wall 2007). However, because of the lack of accountability for variables like educational differences, working class, and just the evolution of political cultural in general, the findings raised by previous researchers are not entirely conclusive. By revealing these additional variables, a more thorough investigation can be conducted in regards to the relation between one’s income and their perception towards the necessity for government services. When discussing perception, personality traits must also be examined. Research conducted by Scott E. Seibert and Maria L. Kraimer (2001) examines how the Big Five personality traits are causally linked with extrinsic career success. They find that Extraverts, that are additionally psychologically more stable, are more likely to have extrinsic career success (Seibert 2001). Extraverts are outgoing and dominant individuals whose strive for success is driven by their personal ambition to come out on top. They have lower self-regard then introverts and are more willing to sacrifice better working conditions for the chance to rise above their peers. In regards to being agreeable and team players, extraverts are less likely to be agreeable and when working in organized conditions with others they are more likely to be more dominant and still try to stand out amongst their peers (Seibert 2001). Extraverts are rugged individualists, that is, they believe they are only ones who can determine how successful they are. This is a fundamental concept related to conservatism. And because extraverts are more likely to be successful and have higher incomes then introverts, Seibert and Kraimers’ (2007) findings reinforce the notion that individuals with higher levels of income are more conservative. Coinciding with personality, intelligence also affects the action and thought processes of people. Cognitive abilities are generally defined as the abilities one possesses to perform the simplest of tasks and the most difficult. They are the mechanisms of how we learn, remember, pay attention, and problem solve. They form together to create an individual’s intelligence quotient, which is generally linked with one’s overall level of intelligence. General mental ability (GMA), which was introduced by C. Spearman (1904), is also used to describe an individual’s level of intelligence. In their research, Frank Schmidt and John Hunter (2004) confirm that GMA sco res are strongly related to job performance and income level. Drawing from research conducted by Charles Murray(1998) that addition to examined GMA scores within families, â€Å"Murray found that the siblings with higher GMA scores received more education, entered more prestigious occupations, had higher income, and were employed more regularly† (Schmidt 2004). Using this evidence from Schmidt and Hunter’s research and correlating it with findings produced by Satoshi Kanazawa (2010) that show that more intelligent individuals are in fact more liberal, leads to the logical conclusion, assuming income is as related to intelligence as suggested, that higher income individuals are more likely to be liberal then conservative. Across the research provided, income is a relative factor in terms of political ideology. However, it is clear that a consensus on whether or not individuals with higher incomes are politically more liberal or conservative hasn’t been reached. Seibert and Kraimer’s (2001) research shows that the particular types of personalities that rise to the top in economic status are predominantly those of who, are more conservative in nature. What their research negates to account for is the level of intelligence possessed by those extraverts who are successful. Rather, they assume that they already have a high degree of intelligence because they possess the cognitive abilities to beat out their peers and earn higher incomes. Generally, this more than likely would be agreed upon. Furthering their point, intelligence as discussed in Schmidt and Hunter’s (2004) research, shows that intelligence is strongly linked to income level. However, the disparity in logic is introduced with Satoshi Kanazawa’s (2010) research which concludes that individuals, who possess a higher level of intelligence, are more liberal.   References Chambers, John R., Swan, Lawton K., and Heesacker, Martin. 2013. â€Å"Better Off Than We Know Distorted Perceptions of Incomes and Income Inequality in America† Jeroen van der Waal., Achterberg, Peter., and Houtman Dick. 2007. â€Å"Class Is Not Dead−−It HasBeen Buried Alive: Class Voting and Cultural Voting in Postwar Western Societies (1956−1990)†Ã‚  Politics Society  2007 35: 40. Kanazawa, Satoshi. 2010. â€Å"Why Liberals and Atheists Are More Intelligent†.  Social Psychology Quarterly,  Vol. 73, No. 1 (March 2010), pp. 33-57. Mettler, Suzanne., and Stonecash, Jeffrey M. 2008. â€Å"Government Program Usage and Political Voice†.  Social Science Quarterly: 89: 273–293. Murray, Charles. 1998.  Income Inequality and IQ.  Washington D.C: The AEI Press. Nieuwbeerta, P. (1996). â€Å"The Democratic Class Struggle in Postwar Societies: Class Voting in Twenty Countries, 1945-1990†.  Acta Sociologica  (Taylor Francis Ltd), 39(4), 345-383. Schmidt, Frank L., and Hunter, John. 2004. â€Å"General Mental Ability in the World of Work: Occupational Attainment and Job Performance.  Social Psychology  2004, Vol. 86, No.1, 162-173. Spearman, C. (1904). â€Å"General Intelligence, Objectively Determined and Measured.† American Journal of Psychology, 15, 201–293.

James Baldwins Story Sonnys Blues Essay -- James Baldwin Sonnys Blu

James Baldwin's Story Sonny's Blues James Baldwin?s story ?Sonny?s Blues? is a deep and reflexive composition. Baldwin uses the life of two brothers to establish parallelism of personal struggle with society, and at the same time implies a psychological process of one brother leaving his socially ingrained prejudices to understand and accept the other's flaws. The story is narrated by Sonny?s older brother whom remained unnamed the entire story. Sonny's brother is a pragmatic person, a teacher, husband, and father. He is a typical middle class Joe whose life?s purpose is to conform to society?s rules. He is a conservative person who seldom takes risks, and accepts the majority?s judgment over his. Sonny?s brother has assimilated into white society (mainstream) as much as possible, but still angers at institutional discrimination and the limits placed upon his opportunities. Contrastingly, Sonny has never tried to assimilate any model. He is looking to vent the deep pain and suffering that his status as permanent outsider confers upon him. Both brothers grew up in Harlem (this story elapses from the early 50?s to late 60?s), surrounded by parents carrying psychological scars of discrimination and struggle. Is here at the family?s nest where the brother?s personalities started to split: though the narrator and his parents are physically there for most of Sonny?s childhood, they never really hear him or listen to him, so Sonny drew himself inwards, with disdain for social rules. Sonny?s older brother saw himself as the one bound to take the helm at the light of his father drunkenness. After their parent?s death, Sonny is propelled by his older brother to stay with Isabel?s family (Sonny?s brother?s wife), an effort of Sonny?s brother to rail him into social conformity. Sonny is desperately trying to express himself, first, by telling his brother his wishes to become a Jazz musician, second, through music, restlessly practicing piano lessons at Isabel?s house. Neither Sonny?s brother nor Isabel?s family understand him. So he seeks more of his kind. He runs out the house, joins the navy, travels for a while, and comes back to New York as a Jazz pianist. Sonny?s brother, following a conservative path, uses denial as mechanism of defense. He refuses to accept Sonny for what he is: ?I didn?t like the way he carried himself, loose and dreamlike ... ...r has, as a ?real musician.? In the nightclub?s environment he is the unfit. When music starts to be played, he begins to understand the language of Jazz; the way in which it helps artists express their torment and their fear. While Sonny was performing, he feels how Sonny?s pain and suffering was exiting his body through his finger tips to the piano?s ivory, to the wooden hammers, to the piano wires, and finally airborne in music notes engulfing everybody as communion between the performer and the audience. Sonny internalizes and then expresses all the anguish and joy of the audience. When the music stops, older brother was in tears, because Sonny?s music also made him go deep inside himself and find the pain of his daughter?s death; the pain of broken promises, and the pain of denying his own kind. The end is a triumph for both: Sonny showed his brother his world, his purpose, his bitter-sweet happiness, even with the always present lure of addiction. Older brother found respect and acceptance for Sonny, and such acceptance transformed his view of everything around him. Works Cited: Baldwin, James. "Sonny's Blues" in Vintage Baldwin. New York: Vintage, 2004.

Does the movie THE PASSION bring about anti semitism Essay -- essays r

The Passion of the Christ, by Mel Gibson has taken America by storm. In the US alone, it made $83,848,082 its first weekend. As of April 25, 2004 it has grossed worldwide over $364 billion. Not bad for a movie with a budget of $30 million.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie is subject to a lot of criticism. People are worried about many things. Are the images depicted correct? Is it too gory? What will people’s reaction be? Will any demographic of people get hurt from the movie? A Catholic teacher from California was fired for offering students extra credit to see the Passion. (It is a rated â€Å"R† movie) There are many other problems too. Does The Passion bring about acts of anti-semitism? This will be the purpose of this paper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To answer this question, I conducted a simple experiment with different variable. The first variable is age. The second is location. I interviewed sixteen people, (eight women and eight men) and asked them the same questions. Four males and females are from the Binghamton area, and four males and females are from the Long Island area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I grouped the ages from 18-25, 25-35, 35-55, and 55 and on. I asked each person their faith/religion. I originally asked more than 16 people, but people who refused to answer the question or people of no faith were thrown out. I conducted the experiments at Loews Town Square 9, located at 2425 Vestal Parkway, Binghamton, and Loews Roosevelt Raceway, located at 1025 Corporate Drive in Westbury, Long Island.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I asked each person six question. The results follow: Sex:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Male Age Group:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   18-25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Location:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Binghamton  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Religion/Faith: Christian  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Extra Pertinent Information: Very religious. Attends services regularly. Thoughts before movie: Excited to see a religious movie. Would you consider yourself an aggressive or easily agitated person? â€Å"Not really. Pretty laid back.† Do you consider yourself a religious person? Yes. Definitely. Do you think the movie will make people angry at th... ...s of the experiment are clear. One hundred percent of people showed aggression towards the Jews, after all but two claimed to not have an aggressive personality. Just look at message boards posted throughout the internet, or just talk to people. The aggression is there. And unfortunately, Mel Gibson’s movie is causing hostile acts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I did not see the movie until the experiment was complete, in order to keep this experiment unbiased. I think that the anti-semitism in the movie was extraordinarily clear. I actually think it is totally contrary to the Catholic doctrine. Another thing is the history of the Gibson family. Mel’s father, Hutton, is an open anti-semite, holocaust denier, and accuses the current pope of being Jewish. When a person grows up in a household learning that, it stays with the person. I can prove this with another experiment. Kids who grow up getting physically abused, are usually abusive parents themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, the movie does cause anti-semitism and anti-semitic acts. The evidence is clear from the experiment. Hopefully, the world can get through this without any incidents.

Education Essay

In United Kingdom and Europe, the adults and volunteers working around the school, paid or not, have various names: learning support assistant, classroom assistant, special needs assistant, but the most common term is the one of teaching assistant. The teaching assistants are very important in primary schools, so much that at the moment it is nearly impossible to imagine things running as efficiently as they do, without the help of the teaching assistants. In the present there is a big deficit in the number of teachers available in primary schools, especially in the number of men working close to children of a young age. Skilled teaching assistants bring a very valuable contribution to pupils achievements within the learning environment, but their main purpose states from their name, as the term of ‘teaching assistant’ indicates their role of supporting the teacher and working under his guidance. This is done by supporting pupils during the teaching of the curriculum . Teacher assistants support the pupils by understanding their learning support needs. In order to do that, the teaching assistant needs to listen to the children, respect and value them. They will gain the sense of independence, with the help of the school staff, especially those working close to them, such as teacher or teaching assistant. The teaching assistant has to enable the pupils access to the curriculum at all times and to encourage them by using plenty of praise and rewards. Also, every pupil must participate fully in every lesson, and the teaching assistant must ensure that, by reminding pupils of teaching points made by the teacher, and also by organising them in appropriate play activities or games. Younger pupils should be encouraged to take turns and speak and to follow simple written instructions. The teaching assistant has to encourage the children to use the school library at all the time and also to use spelling aids, when necessary. All of these will encourage the pupils to gain the sense of independence and to develop their independent learning. The teaching assistant needs to ensure that the children knows, understands and applies class and school rules. The younger pupils should be able to make choices on their own about the books and to be able to select resources independently. Older pupils should be encouraged to develop their skills and to work independently when the case, to manage own reading book and help keeping reading record up to date. The teaching assistant must help the pupils work cooperatively and encourage them to use the library independently. Children should learn to use information from various sources and include references and to complete all tasks set in a given time. The teaching assistant must make sure that all the pupils have access to information from artefacts, charts, diagrams, and that they are able to organise and keep tidy their own work. The teaching assistant must provide support for the teacher, as stated from the term itself. The teacher takes full responsibility for the interactions that take place between pupils and the helping staff. The teaching assistant needs to provide general classroom help, including preparations of rooms, materials and equipment. The pupils need to be supervised by the teaching assistant and by the teacher, working together, as a team. Also, the teaching assistant needs to assist in monitoring the pupils progress as required by the school and in the production of teaching aids and preparation of work for pupils.

Food And Drug Administration On Tobacco Essay

Due to the remarkable number of premature deaths caused by smoking during the period of 1995-1999[1], the government agencies of America, especially the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) made several attempts in regulating tobacco and tobacco products. Lots of laws have been made in order to solve this problem. There was an attempt in issuing additional tax on each stick of the cigarette. However, people who smoke ranging from ‘minor’ smokers to heavy smokers would still continue to buy cigarettes regardless of its price. Some rules recommended the limitation of people’s access to tobacco products, as well as restrictions on the marketing of these products to minors. Do there need to be changes in existing laws? Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act were introduced in 2007[2].   This Act though abundant of ‘good laws’ is not strong. Some amendments should be made on the laws involved. How should those changes be approached and effected? Lots of amendments have been made on the laws. Some attempts were on the regulation of tobacco products through disclosure, annual registration, inspection, record keeping, and user fee requirements. Others approaches involve (1)limiting product sales on licensed drugstores; (2)prohibiting product sales through face-to-face transactions in retail outlets; (3) establishing a minimum age greater than 18 years of age for product purchases; (4) warning label and advertising requirements. These attempts would be well effected through thorough and consistent public dissemination.[3] Is there an impact on other government agencies? Identify the agencies impacted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The impact of this change is not only on the government agencies. It would also affect other organizations such as in the world of business, advertisement, etc. The government agencies are the Federal Trade Commission, Federal Communications Commission, National Institute of Health, Peace Corps and as well as The White House. How should it be resolved?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Agreements should be made among affected agencies in order to resolve the impact of regularizing the circulation of tobacco. Others should give sacrifices for the sake of the health of the majority.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The best suggestion to solve this conflict is to develop a product that would totally replace tobacco products or at least replace nicotine-free ingredients for cigarettes. References: Bonnie, Richard J., Kathleen R. Stratton, Robert B. Wallace. (2007). Ending the Tobacco   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation. Washington: The National Academy Press. Hickmann, Meredith A. (2003).The Food and Drug Administration (FDA). New York: Nova   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publishers. Kessler, David A. MD. (2000). A Question of Intent: A Great American Battle with a Deadly   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Industry. Food and Drug Administration:Public Affairs. Redhead, Stephen and Jody Feder. (December 3, 2004). FDA Regulation of Tobacco   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Products: A Policy and Legal Analysis. Retrieved   from http://digital.library.unt.edu/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   govdocs/crs/permalink/meta-crs-8198:1 on 13 April 2008. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People. Washington: Diane Publishing ,[1997]. Taking Action to Reduce Tobacco Use. Washington: [1]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Andrew C. von Eschenbach, M.D., Statement on H.R. 1108, Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, (October 3, 2007),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.fda.gov/oc/oms/ofm/budget/2002/cj2002/HTML/Tobacco.htm, Accessed April 13, 2008. [2]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Richard J. Bonnie, Kathleen R. Stratton, Robert B. Wallace, Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation, Washington: The   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   National Academy Press, 126. [3]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   C. Stephen Redhead and Jody Feder, â€Å"FDA Regulation of Tobacco Products: A Policy and Legal Analysis,† (December 3, 2004),   http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/permalink/meta-crs-8198:1, Accessed 13 April 2008.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People (Washington: Diane Publishing ,[1997]), 278 – 282.

Incident of the Life of a Slave Girl Essay

The autobiographical narrative â€Å"Incident of the Life of a Slave Girl† unveils casualties of life faced by black women during 19th century. A special attention Harriet Jacobs gives to a sexual relationship with Mr. Sand and moral values of black women. Thesis An â€Å"illicit† sexual relationship with Mr. Sand described in the Narrative does not reinscribing the stereotype of the black woman as lascivious and hypersexual, but proves that the black women are loving and sympathetic creatures seeking for a relationship based on romantic love. Love and romantic relations between a man and woman has played a crucial love in their lives. For Linda Brent, an â€Å"illicit† relationship with Mr. Sand means pure relations free from social statuses and financial gain. Harriet Jacobs stresses that love and passion are typical for the black woman even if she is engaging in the â€Å"illicit† sexual relationship. As the most important, Harriet Jacobs underlines that the black women could not move beyond the constrictions of the ideology. The existence of the institution of marriage, in which men played the dominant role and wielded control, placed women at the mercy of their male counterparts. At the beginning of new millennium, there are more and more people who prefer not to get marriage, but living together for many years trying to keep or preserve their personal freedom and independence. The example of Linda Bret shows that in spite of all the negative life lessons Linda understands what it is to be an individual and loving woman. The autobiography portrays that the black women are not promiscuous or lascivious, but loving and sympathetic creatures. In this case, it is important to take into account the epoch and economic system of slavery which deprived black women their rights and freedom. Linda Brent is a person who uses love as her emotional guide. But love symbolizes psychological state of Linda who becomes more passionate and sympathetic. The problems, unveiled in the autobiography, are received much publicity, because for some people these problems are too intimate or dedicated, they touch personal feelings and human soul. Linda Brent is suppressed by the norms and circumstances, her own narrow worldview and personal low spirits which make her dependant upon life situations. One of the secrets of Linda Brent is her natural beauty, which lies in the way she perceives the world. Through the character of Linda Bret, Jacobs depicts that that to the black woman who had survived the illusions that freedom and marriage would provide lifelong companionship and identity, and who had come to recognize the existential solitude of all human beings, feminism became a kind of credo. For the black women love means dream which comes true. In this sense, she is a victim because she needs to escape from realities of life which she cannot change. She is a victim of social structure and class conflict which destroy human relations and hopes. The autobiography suggests something of the historical loss for women of transferring the sense of self to relationships with men. Her sexuality is still her life, just as it made her on the pillory superior to her disclosed lover. Jacobs associates shame over her ancestors with the guilty excitement she felt in taking up the story. Her love throughout is maternal compassion for what is vulnerable to the passage of time. But her mind does not recoil from such pain; Linda Bret never avoids disquieting realities. But it is precisely an indiscriminated change, this stream of undifferentiated ran ­dom perceptions, which is called â€Å"life†.   The â€Å"illicit† sexual relations create a feeling of guilt being one of the reasons that her sexual freedom does not take her very far. It is possible to say that despite their efforts to escape the rituals of femininity, the black women seems fated to reenact them, even though, as Jacobs recounts these scenes and revises their conventions. The values and nature of black women described by Jacobs are not lascivious or hypersexual. Modern values and realities of life support behavior and choice of Linda who wants to love and be loved. References Jacobs, H. Incident of the Life of a Slave Girl. 2003. Available at: http://docsouth.unc.edu/jacobs/jacobs.html   

Analysis of the UK Food Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analysis of the UK Food Sector - Essay Example This article is relevant as it paints a picture of what is driving consumer attitudes in the midst of ongoing economic slowdowns that impact discretionary income levels in the household. Baker, R. (2009) Brand sector report: love in a cold climate, In-Store London. January, 29. This article focuses on the supply chain and economics of the UK food sector, with a highlight associated with growth in frozen food products and marketing activities with major supermarkets regarding how best to capitalise on changing consumer trends and behaviours. This article supports research on the food sector as it discusses value-consciousness and changes to how consumers prepare meals (i.e. reducing eating-out habits) that is steering significant growth in frozen food sales for in-home family dinners. The article describes how marketers in the food sector are using promotional activity to further drive sales in this product line, thus it has significant strengths in understanding the competitive behav iours of major food retailers. Smith, H. (2006) Store characteristics in retail oligopoly, The Rand Journal of Economics 37(2), 418. This article describes the market structure of the UK food sector, operating in an oligopoly in which there are few larger competitors and significant competitive similarities related to price and promotion. It describes the results of a study conducted with a sample of 114,058 households in Southwest England to determine the methodology of weekly grocery shopping with varying demographics. The results indicated that most consumers, 80 percent, conduct what is referred to as primary shopping in which a one-stop expenditure occurs to procure the entire week’s grocery needs. This article supports research into the driving factors of UK food retailing competitiveness related to buyer behaviour and how supermarkets utilise promotion to gain consumer attention in this one-stop buying philosophy. Pollitt, D. (2010) Hothouse training grows store manage rs for Sainsbury’s: supermarket chain develops internal talent, Human Resource Management International Digest 18(5), 5-7. This substantive research journal article indicates that in order to successfully compete in this market structure, major food retailers are undertaking a new focus on internal human capital development as a means to gain competitive advantage. Sainsbury’s has developed what is referred to as the Hothouse Programme that offers significant recruitment savings from the HR perspective, thus giving them more capital availability for other important competitive actions. This article is a strength in supporting the UK food sector in relation to how businesses consider human capital development to be a contemporary methodology in order to provide differentiated services and gain market share against major retailers. May, Y., Ding, J. & Hong, W. (2010) Delivering customer value based on service process: the example of Tesco.com, International Business Rese arch 3(2), 131-135. This resource describes the results of many different quantitative studies associated with Tesco and its brand/market reputation. It provides meaningful insights into what is driving Tesco’

Comparison of Ellis Island and Angels Island Essay

Comparison of Ellis Island and Angels Island - Essay Example Similarly, for an immigrant, it becomes difficult to adjust to the new surroundings, new customs and a new habitat altogether. Although both the parties mutually adjust and co-exist in the future, the initial phase would always be remembered.History of Ellis Island and Angel Island needs to be understood bearing this in mind. Both these points were recognized as entry points to America. Ellis Island is located in the upper bay just off New Jersey coast, within the shadow of a statue of Liberty. Today approximately 40% of America’s population can trace their origins back to Ellis Island and that is because the island has a history of processing twelve million immigration applications. Ellis Island got its name after its owners Samuel Ellis and was also known as Oyster Island earlier. Federal Government after procuring the island from Samuel Ellis primarily for the defense purpose. The immigration was processed at Castle Garden in New York which was later shifted to Ellis Island . The initial influx was of northern and western Europeans and much later southern and eastern Europeans also made their way to America through Ellis Island. Europe was mainly becoming stifling in terms of religion and socio-economic constraints. To escape from these conditions people migrated to a new land altogether. The quarantine ships examined the passengers while they were still in the waters and identified and separated people who were having contagious disease, disorders and were the potential threat to society. The passengers were then preceded to the island where rest of the formalities was carried out. Although it acquired a reputation of â€Å"island of tears† the usual proceedings did not take more than a few short hours to start a new life in America.